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Clonidine is an imidazole derivate that acts as an agonist of alpha-2 adrenoceptors. Clonidine was granted FDA approval on 3 September A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market. Clonidine tablets and transdermal systems are indicated for the treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other medications. Clonidine is also used for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, 3 treatment of nicotine dependance, 4 and opiate withdrawal. Clonidine functions through agonism of alpha-2 adrenoceptors which have effects such as lowering blood pressure, sedation, and hyperpolarization of nerves.
He is the medical director at Alcohol Recovery Medicine. Catapres clonidine is a medication that was initially approved to treat people with high blood pressure. However, because of its calming effects, clonidine is often prescribed to people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD. It can help treat symptoms like hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggression, overarousal, and sleep difficulties. It can be taken alone or along with stimulant medication. Clonidine causes your brain to send signals to your blood vessels to relax them, lowering your blood pressure. Its exact mechanisms in treating ADHD are not fully understood, but one study found that the medication impacts receptors in areas of the prefrontal cortex that are associated with behaviors such as impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattentiveness.
Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use. Clonidine lowers blood pressure by decreasing the levels of certain chemicals in your blood. This allows your blood vessels to relax and dilantin 300 mg heart to beat more slowly and easily. Clonidine is used to treat hypertension high blood pressure. It is not known whether this medicine will harm an unborn baby.
Electrons and Energy the removal of an electron from a molecule, oxidizing it, results in a decrease in potential energy in the oxidized compound. The shift of an electron from one compound to another removes some potential energy from the first compound the oxidized compound and increases the potential energy of the second compound the reduced compound. This chapter focuses on the extraction of energy from food; you will see that as you track the path of the transfers, you are tracking the path of electrons moving through metabolic pathways. Electron Carriers In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as electron shuttles: They bind and carry high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers we will consider are derived from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides. The energy is used to do work by the cell, usually by the released phosphate binding to another molecule, activating it.
USES: This medication is used alone or with other medications to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD as part of a total treatment plan, including psychological, social, and other treatments. OTHER USES: This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. This medication may also be used for high blood pressure hypertension, for hot flashes that occur with menopause, for withdrawal symptoms from narcotic drugs, and to benicar 5 mg cost people quit smoking. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. If the doses are not equal, take the larger dose at bedtime.
Clonidine IR oral tablets may be used alone or with other drugs. These drugs lower blood pressure by reducing certain nerve signals that your brain sends to your heart and blood vessels. Clonidine IR oral tablets are taken by mouth. They come in three strengths: 0. This article addresses only clonidine IR immediate-release oral tablets. Clonidine IR oral tablet is a generic drug.
It is often seen as a safe alternative to other blood pressure medicines but can be fatal if misused. Doctors may also prescribe for anxiety and other mental health disorders.
Common side effect include dry mouth, dizziness, headaches, and sleepiness. Clonidine works by slowing the pulse rate and exert a reduction of serum concentrations of renin, aldosterone and catecholamines.
Treatment of hypertension requires regular medical supervision. After a period of weeks the dose may be increased if necessary until the desired response is achieved.
It appears to be able to control some of the withdrawal symptoms and cravings associated with discontinuing these drugs. Kapvay extended-release clonidine has recently been approved in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD when used in conjunction with stimulant medications to treat ADHD, such as, Ritalin, or Concerta. Clonidine is not considered to be a major drug of abuse; however, it does have the potential to be abused. It also appears that there is a documented withdrawal syndrome associated with clonidine abuse that consists of primarily psychological symptoms but also includes issues with cardiovascular effects. It may consist of a tapering program where the dosage of clonidine is reduced at specific intervals to allow the individual to be weaned off the drug while not experiencing any significant withdrawal symptoms.
Sections without translation will be in English. Elevated blood pressure is a prevalent condition that is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events including stroke, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and renal failure. One such commonly used drug is Clonidine. Clonidine was first used as a nasal decongestant and was found serendipitously to have blood pressure lowering effects. It has been in clinical use for more than 40 years.